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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' understanding of their own resistance to change and the relationship advantages they could draw on were crucial. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as an important factor in their decision to not criticize a strict professor (see example 2). This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic fundamental topics like: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The test for discourse completion (DCT) is widely used in pragmatic research. It has many strengths but it also has a few disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It cannot account cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully before using it for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to alter social variables that affect politeness can be a strength. This can assist researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field linguistics, DCT is one of the most useful tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to study various issues, including manner of speaking, turn-taking, and the use of lexical terms. It can be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners speaking. A recent study employed an DCT to test EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from and were then asked to select the appropriate response. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as the use of a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other data collection methods. DCTs can be designed with specific requirements for linguistics, such as the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and are based on the assumptions of the test designers. They may not be accurate, and they may incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more investigation into alternative methods of assessing refusal competency. A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT was more direct and conventionally indirect request forms, and a lesser use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study looked at Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various tools for experimentation including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with intermediate or higher ability who responded to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to reject native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their ongoing life experiences, as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing a pragmatic behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently resorted to phrases like “sorry” and “thank you.” This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms – and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders who were independent, were then coded. The coding process was an iterative process, in which the coders read and discussed each transcript. The coding results are then compared with the original RI transcripts to determine if they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Refusal Interviews The key problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question by employing a variety of research instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. Then they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked think about their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs rejected native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could produce patterns that resembled native speakers. In addition, they were conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their choice to learner-internal variables such as their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, such as relational advantages. They also discussed, for instance how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and social expectations of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or penalties they might face in the event that their local social norms were not followed. They were worried that their native friends may view them as “foreignersand consider them unintelligent. This was a concern similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of students from L2. Moreover it will assist educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep studies to study a specific subject. click the following post is a method that uses numerous sources of data to help support the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation is useful when analyzing specific or complex subjects that are difficult to quantify using other methods. In a case study the first step is to define the subject as well as the purpose of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic are important to investigate and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a better knowledge of the subject and place the situation in a wider theoretical context. This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment showed that L2 Korean learners were highly vulnerable to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of the prompts, thereby ignoring the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own text or “garbage,” to their responses, further reducing their response quality. The participants of this study were L2 Korean students who had attained level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third year at university and hoped to attain level six on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding and their knowledge of the world. The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of the participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personality. TS, for example said she was difficult to approach and refused to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they were working at a high rate despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.